´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤Ã¤Æ¡©¡©

´ôÉìÂç³ØÂç³Ø±¡Ï¢¹çÇÀ³Ø¸¦µæ²Ê Íî¹çÃÎÈþ

¡¡¡Ö´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¡×¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¤È¤ÎÏ䬤¢¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£»ä¼«¿È¡¢´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤Î¸¦µæ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢º£¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë¤½¤ì¤òȯɽ¤¹¤ëµ¡²ñ¤â¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«Í­¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤Þ¤À¤Þ¤À´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤È¤¤¤¦¸ÀÍդϰìÈ̤ο͡¹¤Ë¤Ï¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¢¸¦µæ¼Ô¤äưʪ»ô°é¤Ë·È¤ï¤ë¿Í¤Ç¤µ¤¨¤â¤Ê¤¸¤ß¤¬Çö¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£¤½¤³¤Ç¤³¤Îµ¡²ñ¤Ë¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¸ÀÍդˤĤ¤¤ÆÆäËưʪ±à´Ø·¸¼Ô¤òÂоݤ˹ͤ¨¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤ò¤·¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Îµ¡²ñ¤Ë¡¢Æ°Êª¤Î»ô°é¤Ë·È¤ï¤ë¿Í¤Ï¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¢Ä¾ÀܤˤÏưʪ¤Î»ô°é¤Ë´Ø·¸¤Î¤Ê¤¤¿Í¤Ë¤â¡¢¿Í´Ö¤¬»ô°éưʪ¤È¤É¤¦¸þ¤­¹ç¤¦¤Ù¤­¤«¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ç¤Ï¤Þ¤ºŽ¤´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤òÀâÌÀ¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë¡¢¸½ºß¤Î»ô°é´Ä¶­¤ÎÌäÂêÅÀ¤òÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

£±¡¢»ô°é¤ÎÌäÂêÅÀ
¡¡¸½ºß¡¢Â¿¤¯¤Îưʪ¤¬¡¢²ÈÃܤäưʪ±à¤Îưʪ¡¢¼Â¸³Æ°Êª¤Ê¤É¤È¤·¤Æ¿Í´Ö¤Î¼ê¤Ç»ô°é¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤·¤«¤·¤³¤ì¤é¤Î»ô°éưʪ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÈË¿£¾ã³²¤äȯ°é¾ã³²¤ò»ý¤Ä¸ÄÂΤ¬Â¿¤¯¡¢°ÕÌ£¤â¤Ê¤¯Æ±¤¸»ö¤ò·«¤êÊÖ¤¹¹ÔÆ°¡Ê¾ïƱ¹ÔÆ°¡¨stereotypic behaviors¡Ë¤ä¡¢Êµ¿©¡Êcoprophagia¡Ë¤äÅǤ­Ìᤷ¡Êregurgitation¡Ë¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿°Û¾ï¹ÔÆ°¡Êabnormal behavior¡Ë¤âÉÑÈˤ˴ѻ¡¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤Î¸¶°ø¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢¤½¤Îưʪ¤Î»ô°é´Ä¶­¤¬Å¬Åö¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤¬¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£»ô°é´Ä¶­¤Ë¡¢¤Û¤ó¤Î¾¯¤·¤Î¤¯¤Õ¤¦¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¡¢¤½¤ì¤é¤¬²þÁ±¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤â¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¶áǯ¡¢Æ°ÊªÊ¡»ã¤Î¹Í¤¨¤¬ÉáµÚ¤·¡¢¤½¤Î´ÑÅÀ¤«¤é¤â»ô°é´Ä¶­¤Î²þÁ±¤ÏɬÍפȤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤È¤¯¤Ëưʪ±à¤Ï¡¢¶µ°é¤Î¾ìŽ¤¸¦µæ¤Î¾ìŽ¤¼«Á³Êݸî¤Î¾ì¤È¤·¤Æ¤ÎÌò³ä¤ò»ý¤Ä¤È¤¤¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Î㤨¤Ð¼«Á³Êݸî¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢¼«Á³Ç˲õ¤Ë¤è¤êÀ¸Â©´Ä¶­¤¬Ã¥¤ï¤ì¤¿ÌîÀ¸Æ°Êª¤ÎÈòÆñ½ê¤È¤·¤Æ¤ÎÌò³ä¤ò²Ì¤¿¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¿Í´Ö¤Î¼ê¤Ë¤è¤êÊݸ¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¢¾­ÍèŪ¤ËÀ¸Â©ÃϤËÊÖ¤·¤Æ¤âÀ¸¤­¤Æ¤¤¤±¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢Æ°ÊªËÜÍè¤Î¹ÔÆ°¤ò¼º¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦»ô°é¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¤âº£¤Î»ô°é´Ä¶­¤Ç¤Ï¤È¤Æ¤â½¼Ê¬¤È¤Ï¤¤¤¨¤º¡¢²þÁ±¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤È¤ª¤â¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
¡¡¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¼Ž¤²þÁ±¤¬É¬Íפʻô°é´Ä¶­¤¬Â¿¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡£»ô°é´Ä¶­¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¹Í褵¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤â1¤Ä¤Î¸¶°ø¤Ç¤¹¤¬Ž¤Îò»ËŪ¤Ê¸¶°ø¤â¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£¿ô½½Ç¯Á°¤Þ¤Ç¤Ïưʪ¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÃμ±¤â¾¯¤Ê¤¯¡¢Æ°Êª¤ò»ô°é´Ä¶­¤ËƳÆþ¤·¤¿¤È¤¿¤ó»à¤ó¤Ç¤·¤Þ¤¦¸ÄÂΤ¬Â¿¤«¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹Ž¡ÆäËưʪ±à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Â¿¤¯¤Î¿Í¤Î½ÐÆþ¤ê¤òȼ¤¦¾ì½ê¤Î¤¿¤á¼å¤Ã¤¿Æ°Êª¤¬´¶À÷¾É¤Ë¤«¤«¤ê°×¤¯¡¢±ÒÀ¸Ì̤˵¤¤òÇÛ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤½¤¦¤¤¤Ã¤¿»þÂå¤Îή¤ì¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¡¢»ô°é´Ä¶­¤â±ÒÀ¸Ì̤òÂè1È֤˹ͤ¨¡¢Áݽü¤ä»¦¶Ý¤¬´Êñ¤Ë½ÐÍè¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¥³¥ó¥¯¥ê¡¼¥È¤ä¥¿¥¤¥ë¤Î¾²¤äÊɤ¬Â¿¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢Æ°Êª¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤ÎÃ챤¬½½Ê¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤¿¤á¡¢Æ°Êª¤Îͽ¬ÉÔǽ¤Ê¹ÔÆ°¤äÎϤò°Æ¤¸¤Æ¤«Ž¤½Å¤¤Å´¤ÎÈâ¤äÅ´¤Î³Ê»Ò¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤·¤«¤·¸½ºß¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÌîÀ¸¤Ç¤ÎÄ´ºº¤â¿Ê¤ß¡¢¤Þ¤¿Â¿¤¯¤Î»ô°é°÷¤ä½Ã°å¤Ê¤É¤ÎÅØÎϤǡ¢Æ°Êª¤Îɵ¤¤äưʪ¼«ÂΤËÂФ¹¤ëÍý²ò¤â¿¼¤Þ¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
¡¡¤·¤«¤·¡¢»ô°é´Ä¶­¤Ï¤¤¤¼¤óÀΤηÁ¤ò»Ä¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¥³¥ó¥¯¥ê¡¼¥È¤ä¥¿¥¤¥ë¤Ç°Ï¤Þ¤ì¤¿Ìµ¶Ý¾õÂÖ¤ÎÀ¸³è¤¬¡¢»äã¥Ò¥È¤ò´Þ¤àưʪ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ²Ì¤¿¤·¤ÆËÜÅö¤ËÎɤ¤¤Î¤«¤È¤¤¤¦µÄÏÀ¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£Æ°Êª¤Ï¤É¤ó¤Ê´Ä¶­¤Ë¤âŬ±þ¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢Å¬±þ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤é¤È¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¤½¤ì¤ÇÎɤ¤¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£Æ°Êª±à¤¬¶µ°é¤Î¾ìŽ¤¸¦µæ¤Î¾ì¡¢¼«Á³Êݸî¤Î¾ì¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¡¢¤½¤Î¼Ò²ñŪÌò³ä¤ò½½Ê¬¤Ë²Ì¤¿¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë¤â¡¢ËÜÍè¤ÎÀ¸ÂִĶ­¤Ë¶á¤¤»ô°é´Ä¶­¤òÄ󶡤·Ž¤»ô°éưʪ¤¬ËÜÍè¤ÎÊë¤é¤·¤ÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤ÊÊë¤é¤·¤ò±Ä¤á¤ë¤è¤¦ÅØÎϤ¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£Æ°Êª¤¿¤Á¤¬Êë¤é¤·¤ä¤¹¤¯Ž¤¸«¤Æ¤¤¤ë»äã¤â¤½¤Îưʪ¤ËÂФ·¤ÆÀµ¤·¤¤¾ðÊó¤¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê»ô°é´Ä¶­¤¬¡¢º£µá¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡£

2¡¢´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È
2.1 ¸ì¶ç¤ÎÀâÌÀ¡¡
¡¡¤½¤³¤Ç½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Î¤¬´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤Ç¤¹¡£´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤È¤Ï¡Öưʪʡ»ã¤ÎΩ¾ì¤«¤éŽ¤»ô°éưʪ¤Î"¹¬Ê¡¤ÊÊë¤é¤·"¤ò¼Â¸½¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¶ñÂÎŪ¤ÊÊýºö¡×¤Î¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£¤½¤³¤ÇŽ¤¤Þ¤º¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¸ÀÍÕ°ì¤Ä°ì¤Ä¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
ưʪʡ»ã¡Êanimal welfare¡Ë¡§¡Ö¿Í´Ö¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦ÌÜɸ¤òËþ¤¿¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ëưʪ¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤Ê¤é¤Ð¤ä¤à¤òÆÀ¤Ê¤¤¤¬Ž¤¤½¤Îưʪ¤¬Èï¤ëÄˤߤä¶ì¤·¤ß¤ÏºÇ¾®¸Â¤ËÍÞ¤¨¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¹Í¤¨Êý¤Ç¤¹¡£¤è¤¯»÷¤¿¸ÀÍÕ¤Çưʪ¤ÎÀ¸¤­¤ë¸¢Íø¡Êanimal right¡Ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢Æ°Êª¤Ë¤âÀ¸¤­¤ë¸¢Íø¤ä¼Â¸³¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¸¢ÍøŽ¤»ô°é¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¸¢Íø¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¹Í¤¨Êý¤Ç¤¢¤êŽ¤¤¿¤È¤¨¿Í´Ö¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤È¤Ï¤¤¤¨Æ°Êª¤Î»ÈÍѤò¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯Ç§¤á¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦ÅÀ¤Çưʪʡ»ã¤È¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¸½ºß¡¢ÆüËܤǤϤ³¤ì¤é¤Î¸ÀÍÕ¤ÎÄêµÁ¤Ï¤¢¤¤¤Þ¤¤¤Ç¡¢º®Æ±¤·¤Æ»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤â¿¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£
¹¬Ê¡¤ÊÊë¤é¤·¡Êpsychological well-being¡Ë¡§ ưʪʡ»ã¤È¤¤¤¦Î©¾ì¤«¤é¸«¤Æ¡¢¼Â¸½¤¹¤Ù¤­ÌÜɸ¤Ç¤¹¡£»ô°éưʪ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆŽ¤¤½¤Îưʪ¤Î¿ÈÂÎŪ¤Ê·ò¹¯¤ä±ÒÀ¸¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡Ö¿´¡×¤â½Å»ë¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¡¢¿´¿È¤È¤â¤Ë·òÁ´¤ÊÊë¤é¤·¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¹Í¤¨Êý¤Ç¤¹¡£¿Í´Ö°Ê³°¤Îưʪ¤Ë¤Ï¡Ö¿´¡×¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿»þ¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤·¤«¤·Ž¤Âç·¿Îà¿Í±î¤Ê¤É¤òÂоݤȤ·¤¿¸¦µæ¤«¤é¡¢¥Ò¥È°Ê³°¤Îưʪ¤Ç¤â¸ÀÍÕ¤òÁà¤ëÃÎÀ­¤ò»ý¤ÁŽ¤´îÅÜ°¥³Ú¤Î´¶¾ð¤ò¶¦Í­¤Ç¤­¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¿Ê²½¤Î¾å¤«¤é¸«¤Æ¤â¿Í´Ö¤À¤±¤¬ÆÃÊ̤À¤È¹Í¤¨¤ë¤Î¤ÏÆñ¤·¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¿Í´Ö¤È¸ÀÍÕ¤ò¶¦Í­¤·¤Ê¤¤Æ°Êª¤Î¡¢¿´¤Î¹¬Ê¡¤òÍý²ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÏÆñ¤·¤¤¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤½¤Îưʪ¤Î¹ÔÆ°¤äÀ¸ÂÖ¤ä¼Ò²ñ¤Ê¤É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÍý²ò¤ò¿¼¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¡¢Æ°Êª¤Î¿´¤ÎÍý²ò¤ò½õ¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡£
´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¡Êenvironmental enrichment¡Ë¡§ ´Ä¶­¤Î½¼¼Â²½¤ä´Ä¶­¤ÎË­ÉÙ²½¤È¤âÌõ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£Æ°ÊªÊ¡»ã¤ÎΩ¾ì¤«¤é¡¢Æ°Êª¤Î¹¬Ê¡¤ÊÊë¤é¤·¤ò¼Â¸½¤µ¤»¤Æ¤¤¤¯¡¢¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¶ñÂÎŪ¤ÊÊýË¡¤È¤¤¤¦»ö¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤Ë¤Ï¥±¡¼¥¸¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º¤òÂ礭¤¯¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤â¤Î¤«¤é¡¢µë±Â²ó¿ô¤òÁý¤ä¤¹¡¢µë±ÂÊýË¡¤ò¤¯¤Õ¤¦¤¹¤ë¡¢¥í¡¼¥×¤òÄ¥¤ë¡¢Ê£¿ô¤Î¸ÄÂΤò°ì½ï¤Ë»ô¤¦¡¢¿Í´Ö¤¬Áê¼ê¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤ÆÍ·¤Ö¡¢¤Ê¤ÉÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¼ïÎब¤¢¤ê¡¢¤½¤ì¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê·Á¤Ç¿Ê¤á¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤«¤Ï»ô°é¤¹¤ë»ä㤬¸¡Æ¤¤·¡¢¤½¤Î¾õ¶·¤Ë¹ç¤Ã¤¿ºÇŬ¤Ê¤â¤Î¤òÁª¤Ö¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¹¡£
2.2 ´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤Îɾ²Á¡¡
¡¡»ô°é´Ä¶­¤Ë²¿¤é¤«¤Î¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥Èºî¶È¤ò»Ü¤·¤¿¸å¤Ë¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬Æ°Êª¤Î¹¬Ê¡¤ÊÊë¤é¤·¤òÂ¥¿Ê¤µ¤»¤ë¤Î¤Ë¤É¤ì¤À¤±´óÍ¿¤·¤¿¤«¤òɾ²Á¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢Æ°Êª¤¬¤³¤Î´Ä¶­¤Î¤³¤³¤¬Îɤ¤¤È¤«¤¢¤½¤³¤¬°­¤¤¤È¤«Ï䷤Ƥ¯¤ì¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤ËÂФ·¤Æɾ²Á¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÏÈó¾ï¤Ëº¤Æñ¤Ç¤¹¡£¤½¤³¤Ç¡¢²¿¤é¤«¤Î¼ÜÅÙ¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤½¤ì¤òµÒ´ÑŪ¤Ë¬Äꤹ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£·ì±Õ¤òºÎ¼è¤·¡¢¥¹¥È¥ì¥¹¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤¹¤ë¥Û¥ë¥â¥ó¤ÎÊÑÆ°¤ò¬Äꤹ¤ë¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿À¸Íý³ØŪÊýË¡¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£²ò˶³ØŪ¤ÊȽÃǤäȯ°é¤ÎÄøÅÙ¡¢ÈË¿£À®¸ùΨ¤ò»Øɸ¤È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢Æ°Êª¤Î¹ÔÆ°¤òľÀÜ´Ñ»¡¤·¡¢Æ°Êª¤Î²ø²æ¤ÎÉÑÅÙ¤ä°Û¾ï¹ÔÆ°¤ÎÉÑÅÙ¤ò»Øɸ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¶áǯ´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤Î¬Äê¤Ë¤è¤¯»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢»ô°é²¼¤Î¹ÔÆ°¤òÄ´ºº¤·¡¢¤½¤ì¤òÌîÀ¸¤Ç¤Î¹ÔÆ°¤ÈÈæ³Ó¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£»ä¤Î¸¦µæ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¹ÔÆ°¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¤âÆäË"¹ÔÆ°¤Î¥ì¥Ñ¡¼¥È¥ê¡¼"¤È"¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¹ÔÆ°¥ì¥Ñ¡¼¥È¥ê¡¼¤Î»þ´ÖÇÛʬ"¤ò¹ÔÆ°³ØŪ»ëÅÀ¤«¤éÄêÎÌŪ¤Ëɽ¤·Ž¤¤½¤ì¤òÌîÀ¸²¼¤ÇÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿Ã諤ÈÈæ³Ó¤¹¤ë»ö¤Çɾ²Á¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
­¡¹ÔÆ°¤Î¥ì¥Ñ¡¼¥È¥ê¡¼¡¡
¡¡°ìÈ̤ˎ¤»ô°é²¼¤Î¸ÄÂΤιÔÆ°¥ì¥Ñ¡¼¥È¥ê¡¼¤Ï¡¢ÌîÀ¸²¼¤Î¤½¤ì¤ËÈæ¤Ù¤Æ¤«¤Ê¤ê¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤Î¸¶°ø¤ÏŽ¤»ô°é²¼¤Ç¤Ï¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ë¤â¤Î¤äÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ê¶õ´Ö¤¬¾¯¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¤Þ¤¿µÕ¤Ë¡¢»ô°é²¼¤Ç¤·¤«¸«¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡¢Ý£¤Ê¤á¤äÅǤ­Ìᤷ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¹ÔÆ°¤â¸«¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤³¤Ç¡¢»ô°é´Ä¶­¤ËÌÚ¤ÎÍÕ¤òÆþ¤ì¤¿¤È¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¥Ù¥Ã¥Éºî¤ê¤Î¹ÔÆ°¤¬¸«¤é¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤êŽ¤Ý£¤Ê¤á¤Î¹ÔÆ°¤¬¸«¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¯¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤â¤·¤½¤¦¤À¤È¤·¤¿¤é¡¢»ô°é´Ä¶­¤ËÌÚ¤ÎÍÕ¤òÆþ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤½¤Î¼ï¤¬ËÜÍè»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¹ÔÆ°¤Î¥ì¥Ñ¡¼¥È¥ê¡¼¤Ë¶á¤Å¤¤¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¡¢´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤È¤·¤Æ¸ú²Ì¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¨¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£
­¢¹ÔÆ°¤Î»þ´ÖÇÛʬ¡¡
¡¡Î㤨¤ÐŽ¤¿Í´Ö¤ò´Þ¤áưʪ¤ÎÀ¸Ì¿°Ý»ý¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë½ÅÍפʹÔÆ°¤Î1¤Ä¤Ç¤¢¤ëºÎ¿©¹ÔÆ°¤ò¼è¤ê¾å¤²¡¢¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦¡£ÌîÀ¸Æ°Êª¤Ï³èÆ°»þ´Ö¤Î¿¤¯¤òºÎ¿©¹ÔÆ°¡Ê±Â¤òµá¤á¤Æ¤Î°ÜÆ°¡¢Ãµº÷¡¢ºÎ±Â¹ÔÆ°¤ò´Þ¤à¡Ë¤ËÈñ¤ä¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Î㤨¤Ð¡¢ÌîÀ¸²¼¤Î¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤Ç¤Ï³èÆ°»þ´Ö¤Î54¡Á57¡ó¡ÊWrangham, 1977¡Ë¤òºÎ¿©¹ÔÆ°¤Ë»È¤¦¤È¤¤¤¦Êó¹ð¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤Ï1Æü¤ÎȾʬ°Ê¾å¤Î»þ´Ö¤ò¡¢¿©¤Ùʪ¤òõ¤·¤Æ°ÜÆ°¤·¤¿¤ê¿©¤Ù¤ë»þ´Ö¤ËÈñ¤ä¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£°ìÊý¡¢»ô°é²¼¤Ç¤ÎºÎ¿©»þ´Ö¤Ï¤­¤Á¤ó¤È¤·¤¿Êó¹ð¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡Ê¤­¤Ã¤ÈŽ¤°­¤¤¾õ¶·¤òÊó¹ð¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¾¯¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤¬¡Ë¡¢1Æü¤Ë1²ó¤«2²ó¤Îµë±Â¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ìŽ¤¤Û¤ó¤Î¤ï¤º¤«¤Î»þ´Ö¤Ç¡¢¤½¤ÎÆü1Æü¤Î¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¿©¤Ùʪ¤òÊ¿¤é¤²¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡£¤Þ¤¿Ž¤±Â¤Ï¥Ð¥Ê¥Ê¤ä¥ê¥ó¥´¤Ê¤É¤´¤¯¸Â¤é¤ì¤¿¿ô¼ïÎà¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤¬¤Á¤Ç¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¾Ã²½¤ÎÎɤ¤Êª¤¬Â¿¤¯Ž¤¤½¤ì¤é¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ëõ¤·²ó¤Ã¤¿¤ê°ÜÆ°¤¹¤ëɬÍפ⤢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤³¤ÎºÎ¿©»þ´Ö¤Îû¤µ¤¬¸ý¿°Éô¤Ø¤Î»É·ã¤òµá¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¡¢Êµ¿©¤äÅǤ­ÌᤷŽ¤²áÅ٤Υ°¥ë¡¼¥ß¥ó¥°¤Ë¤è¤ëÈ´ÌӤȤ¤¤Ã¤¿°Û¾ï¹ÔÆ°¤¬°ú¤­µ¯¤³¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿ºÎ¿©»þ´Ö¤¬¶Ëü¤Ë¾¯¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤Î1Æü¤Î¹ÔÆ°¤Î»þ´ÖÇÛʬ¤¬ÏĤߎ¤°Û¾ï¹ÔÆ°¤ò¤¹¤ë»þ´Ö¤ä²¿¤â¤·¤Ê¤¤¤ÇÂà¶þ¤½¤¦¤Ë²á¤´¤¹»þ´Ö¤¬Ä¹¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤â¤·¡¢1Æü1²ó¤Î¿©»ö¤ò2²ó¤Ê¤¤¤·£³²óŽ¤£´²ó¤ÈÁý¤ä¤¹¤³¤È¤ÇºÎ¿©¹ÔÆ°¤ËÈñ¤ä¤¹»þ´Ö¤ò±ä¤Ð¤»¤Ð¡¢Âà¶þ¤½¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë»þ´Ö¤ä°Û¾ï¹ÔÆ°¤Î»þ´Ö¤Î³ä¹ç¤¬¸º¾¯¤¹¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤½¤ì¤Ï¤½¤Î¼ï¤¬ËÜÍè»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¹ÔÆ°¤Î»þ´ÖÇÛʬ¤Ë¶á¤Å¤¤¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤È¤·¤Æ¸ú²Ì¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¨¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£

3¡¢Æ°Êª±à¤Ç¤Î´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È
3.1 ¥³¥¹¥È¡¦¥Ñ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥ó¥¹¡¡
¡¡´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤¦¤¨¤Ç¤¿¤¤¤»¤Ä¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢­¡¤È¤ê¤¢¤¨¤º¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ë¤³¤È¡¢­¢¤½¤Î¸ú²ÌȽÄê¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤¬¿Í´Ö¤¬»ô°é¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëưʪ¤òÂоݤȤ·¤¿¡¢¼ÂÁ©Åª¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë°Ê¾åŽ¤¤½¤ì¤é¤Ë¤«¤«¤ë­£·ÐºÑŪ¦Ì̤ò̵»ë¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£²¿¤é¤«¤Î´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥Èºî¶È¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¡¢¤½¤Î¸ú²Ì¤òɾ²Á¤¹¤ë¤¦¤¨¤ÇÌîÀ¸¤Ç¸«¤é¤ì¤ë¹ÔÆ°¤ÈÈæ³Ó¤¹¤ë¤«¤é¤È¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¡¢»ô°é´Ä¶­¤òÀ¸Â©ÃϤδĶ­¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ë¤¹¤ì¤ÐÎɤ¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£Æ°Êª¤ÎÍ·Æ°°è¤ÈƱ¤¸¤¯¤é¤¤¤ÎÌÌÀѤò³ÎÊݤ·¡¢À¸Â©ÃϤÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ê²¹Å٤䵤¾Ý¤òÊݤÁ¡¢À¸Â©ÃϤÈƱ¤¸¿¢Êª¤ÎÀ¸°é¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Ê¤É¤·¤ÆŽ¤ÅÚÃϤ䥨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢¤«¤¨¤Ã¤Æ¤½¤ÎÅÚÃϤμ«Á³´Ä¶­¤òÇ˲õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤«¤Í¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¿Í´Ö¤Ë¤è¤ê²¿¤é¤«¤ÎÌÜŪ¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëưʪ¤À¤«¤é¤³¤½Ž¤¿Í´Ö¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤ÎÍøÍѤȤ¤¤¦ÌÜŪ¤ò³°¤·¤ÆưʪÃæ¿´¤ËÏäò¿Ê¤á¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤¿¤À¡¢ÌîÀ¸¤Ç¸«¤é¤ì¤ë¹ÔÆ°¤¬»ô°é²¼¤Ç¤â¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ´Ñ»¡¤µ¤ì¤¿¤éŽ¤Æ°Êª¤Ë¡Ö¹¬Ê¡¤ÊÊë¤é¤·¡×¤¬Ä󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦ÏäʤΤǤ¹¡£¥³¥¹¥È¡¦¥Ñ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥ó¥¹¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï±ÂÂå¡¢»ÜÀß²þ¤Èñ¤Ê¤É¤Î¤Û¤«¤Ë¤â¿Í·ïÈñ¤Ê¤É¤¬¹Í褵¤ì¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¹¡£´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥Èºî¶È¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢É¬¤º¤·¤â¤ª¶â¤ÈÏ«ÎϤ¬¤«¤«¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¾¯¤·¤Î¤¯¤Õ¤¦¤È¾¯¤·¤Î·ÐÈñ¤Ç¿Âç¤Ê¸ú²Ì¤¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Î㤨¤Ð¡¢¥³¥ó¥¯¥ê¡¼¥È¤Î¾²¤Ë¤ª¤¬¤¯¤º¤ä¥¦¥Ã¥É¥Á¥Ã¥×¤ò¼¬¤¯¤À¤±¤Ç½½Ê¬¤Ê´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Þ¥«¥¯Îà¤Ê¤é¤½¤Î¾å¤Ë±Â¤Î¾®Çþ¤ò¤Þ¤±¤Ð¡¢´î¤ó¤ÇĹ»þ´Ö¤«¤±¤Æ±Â¤ò½¦¤¤¿©¤Ù¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£Íè±à¼Ô¤Ï¤½¤Î¤«¤ï¤¤¤¤»Å¼ï¤ò¸«¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¤·¡¢ËèÆüÁݽü¤¹¤ëɬÍפâ¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£
3.2 Ÿ¼¨ÊýË¡¤Î2¤Ä¤Îή¤ì¡¡
¡¡´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤Ë´Ø¤ï¤ê¡¢ÆäËưʪ±à¤ÇÏÀµÄ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤ÏŸ¼¨ÊýË¡¤Ç¤¹¡£Ý£¤ä¥³¥ó¥¯¥ê¡¼¥È¤Ë°Ï¤Þ¤ì¤¿»ô°é»ÜÀߤËÊѤï¤ê¡¢¿·¤·¤¤Å¸¼¨ÊýË¡¤È¤·¤Æ2¤Ä¤Îή¤ì¤¬¸½¤ì¤Æ¤­¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤é¤ò¤É¤¦¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤ÇÆɤó¤À¤éŬÅö¤«¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢Êص¹¾å¡Öưʪʡ»ãŪŸ¼¨¡×¤È¡Ö·Ê´ÑŸ¼¨¡×¤È¤·¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¡Öưʪʡ»ãŪŸ¼¨¡×¤È¤Ï¡¢»ô°é¤µ¤ì¤ëưʪ¤Î¿´¿È¤ÎÊ¡»ã¤ò¹Í¤¨¡¢ÌîÀ¸ËÜÍè¤Î¹ÔÆ°¤¬°ú¤­½Ð¤»¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê»ô°é´Ä¶­¤òÄ󶡤¹¤ëŸ¼¨¤Ç¤¹¡£¡Ö·Ê´ÑŸ¼¨¡×¤È¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Îưʪ¤¬¤¤¤ëÀ¸Â©ÃϤÎÍͻҡÊÉ÷·ÊŽ¤µ¤¸õ¤Ê¤É¡Ë¤òºÆ¸½¤·¡¢Íè±à¼Ô¤ò³Ú¤·¤Þ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤òÌÜŪ¤È¤·¤¿Å¸¼¨¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡¡¤³¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ï¤«¤Ê¤ê¥ª¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥é¥Ã¥×¤·¡¢ÆüËܤǤϷʴÑŸ¼¨¤ò¡ÖÀ¸ÂÖŪŸ¼¨¡×¤È¸Æ¤Ö¤Î¤ÇŽ¤º®Æ±¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤³¤È¤â¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤½¤Î´Ä¶­¤¬Æ°Êª¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤Î¤â¤Î¤«Íè±à¼Ô¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤Î¤â¤Î¤«¤ò¹Í¤¨¤ì¤Ð¡¢Î¾¼Ô¤Î°ã¤¤¤¬Â礭¤¤¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£Î㤨¤Ð»ô°é¾ì¤Ë¼ùÌÚ¤ò¿¢¤¨¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢Íè±à¼Ô¤«¤é¸«¤¿·Ê´Ñ¤âÎɤ¯¤Ê¤ë¤·Ž¤Æ°Êª¤â¤½¤ì¤é¤òÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤É¤Á¤é¤ÎŸ¼¨ÊýË¡¤Ë¤â´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¼ùÌÚ¤ò¤¿¤À¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤±¤Ðưʪ¤¬ÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤Ü¤í¤Ü¤í¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹Ž¡¤½¤Î»þŽ¤·Ê´ÑŸ¼¨¤òÌÜŪ¤È¤¹¤ë¤Ê¤éÅŵ¤ºô¤ÇÊݸÍè±à¼Ô¤«¤é¸«¤¨¤ëÈþ¤·¤¤·Ê´Ñ¤òÊݸ¤¹¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£Æ°ÊªÊ¡»ãŪŸ¼¨¤Ê¤é¡¢Â¿¾¯·Ê´Ñ¤¬°­¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤âưʪ¤¬¤½¤ì¤ò¼«Í³¤ËÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£½ÐÍè¤ë¸Â¤ê¤ÎξΩ¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹¤¬¡¢»ä¤Ïưʪ±à¤¬¶µ°é¤Î¾ìŽ¤¼«Á³Êݸî¤Î¾ì¡¢¸¦µæ¤Î¾ì¤È¤·¤Æ¤Îµ¡Ç½¤ò»ý¤Ä¤Î¤Ê¤é¡¢ºÇ½ªÅª¤Ëưʪʡ»ãŪŸ¼¨¤ò¤¹¤¹¤á¤ë¤Ù¤­¤À¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
¡¡¤·¤«¤·Æ°Êª±à¤Ï¡¢Íè±à¼Ô¤¬³Ú¤·¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë½ÅÅÀ¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¤«¡¢¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤ÎŸ¼¨¤¬·Ê´ÑŸ¼¨¤ÎÊýË¡¤ò¼è¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¾åÌîưʪ±à¤Î"¥´¥ê¥é¤Î¿¹"¤Ï·Ê´ÑŸ¼¨¤ÎÂåɽ¤À¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Íè±à¼Ô¤«¤é¤ß¤Æ¡¢ÌîÀ¸²¼¤Î¥´¥ê¥é¤ÎÀ¸Â©´Ä¶­¤Î°ìÉô¤òºÆ¸½¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£µ¼´ä¤äµ¼ÌÚŽ¤Åŵ¤ºô¤ò¿¤¯»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢Æ°ÊªÊ¡»ã¤è¤ê·Ê´Ñ¤ò½Å»ë¤·¤¿Å¸¼¨ÊýË¡¤Ç¤¢¤ë»ö¤¬Ê¬¤«¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£°ìÊý¡¢¤½¤ÎŸ¼¨¤Î¶á¤¯¤Ë¤ÏÂ礭¤Ê¥Ñ¥Í¥ë¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï¥Ï¥¦¥ì¥Ã¥Äưʪ±à¡Ê¥¤¥®¥ê¥¹¡Ë¤Î¥´¥ê¥é¼Ë¤Ç¡¢Æ°ÊªÊ¡»ãŪŸ¼¨¤ÎÂåɽ¤È¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¤Æ°Êª±à¤Ç¤¹¡£¥Ï¥¦¥ì¥Ã¥Äưʪ±à¤Î¥´¥ê¥é¼Ë¤Ï¡¢·è¤·¤Æ¹­¤¯¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¶â°À½¤ÎÝ£¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¥¹¥Æ¥ó¥ì¥¹¤Î³ê¤êÂæ¤Ê¤É¤Î¿Í¹©Åª¤ÊÍ·¶ñ¤òÂô»³ÇÛÃÖ¤·¡¢¾²¤Ë¤Ï¹â¤µ¿ô½½cm¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Û¤É¤ÎÏΤ¬Éߤ­¤Ä¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£À¸Â©´Ä¶­¤È¤Ï»÷¤Æ¤â»÷¤Ä¤«¤Ì´Ä¶­¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¥´¥ê¥é¤ÎÈË¿£Î¨¤Ï¹â¤¯Ž¤¹ÔÆ°¤âÌîÀ¸¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ë¶á¤¤Æ°ÊªÊ¡»ã¤ËÇÛθ¤·¤¿»ô°é´Ä¶­¤È¤¤¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£¸½ºß¤ÎÆüËܤÎưʪ±à¤Ï¡¢Íè±à¼Ô¤È»ô°é¤Î¸½¾ì¤Î¹Í¤¨¤¬Àè¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë´¶¤¸¤¬¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£»ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¦¤Îưʪ¤ÎΩ¾ì¤ËΩ¤Ã¤¿Æ°ÊªÊ¡»ã¤ÎÃÙ¤ì¤ò¡¢Íè±à¼Ô¤¬´¶¤¸¼è¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤é¡¢Æ°Êª¤Î»Ñ¤¬¸«¤¿¤¤¾®¤µ¤¤»Ò¶¡¤Ë¤Ï¹¥É¾¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢¤¢¤ëÄøÅÙ¤ÎǯÎð¤Ç¤Ï¡Öưʪ¤¬¤«¤ï¤¤¤½¤¦¡×¤È¸À¤Ã¤¿¸ÀÍÕ¤¬Â¿¤¯Ê¹¤«¤ì¤ë¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£Æ°Êª±à¤ÏΩÇɤʶµ°éµ¡´Ø¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤¨¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¤¹¡£Æ°ÊªÊ¡»ã¤Ë¹Íθ¤·¤¿Å¸¼¨¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤Ž¤¤É¤¦¤·¤Æ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊŸ¼¨¤¬É¬ÍפʤΤ«¤ò¶µ°é¤·Ž¤Íè±à¼Ô¤¬¤½¤Î¸ÄÂμ«¿ÈŽ¤¼ï¤È¤·¤Æ¤ÎưʪŽ¤¤½¤Îưʪ¤ò¤È¤ê¤Þ¤¯¼«Á³¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¹Í¤¨¤ë¾ì¤òÄ󶡤¹¤ë¤Ù¤­¤À¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Æ°Êª±à¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë»°¼Ô´Ø·¸¡Êưʪ±à´Ø·¸¼Ô¡¦Íè±à¼Ô¡¦»ô°éưʪ¤Î¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¤¢¤¤¤À¤Î´Ø·¸¡Ë¤¬Îɹ¥¤ËÊݤ¿¤ì¡¢¥Ð¥é¥ó¥¹Îɤ¯È¯Å¸¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò´üÂÔ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£

4¡¢»ä¤È´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È
4.1 ¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤ÎÊü»ô¾ì¤Ë¿¢¼ù¡¡
¡¡¤³¤³¤Ç¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤Î¸¦µæ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¾Ò²ð¤·¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£»ä¤¬Ä´ºº¤·¤¿µþÅÔÂç³ØÎîĹÎฦµæ½ê¤Î¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼Êü»ô¾ì¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Ìó60¼ï380Ëܰʾå¤Î¼ùÌÚ¤¬À¸°é¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹Ž¡½¾Íè¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤ÎÊü»ô¾ì¤Ë¡¢Åŵ¤ºô¤Ê¤É¤Ç¼é¤é¤Ê¤¤¼ùÌÚ¤òÀ¸°é¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤ÏÉÔ²Äǽ¤À¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤·¤«¤·¤½¤ì¤¬²Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ï¡¢Â¾¤ÎÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¡ÊµðÂç¤Ê¥¸¥ã¥ó¥°¥ë¥¸¥àŽ¤¾®Àî¡¢´ä¡¢ÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¼ïÎà¤Î´á¶ñ¤Ê¤É¡Ë¤¬½½Ê¬¤Ë¸ú²Ì¤ò²Ì¤¿¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¤À¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£Ìó700m£²¤ÎÌÌÀѤÎÊü»ô¾ì¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¹â¤µ8m¤Ë¤Ê¤ëÅ´¹ü¤È´ÝÂÀ¤È¥í¡¼¥×¤Ç½ÐÍ褿µðÂç¤Ê¥¸¥ã¥ó¥°¥ë¥¸¥à¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢Ê£»¨¤Ê»°¼¡¸µ¶õ´Ö¤òºî¤ê½Ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£º£²Æ¤Ë¤ÏŽ¤¥¸¥ã¥ó¥°¥ë¥¸¥à¤Î¹â¤µ¤Ï15m¤Ë¤Þ¤ÇÁýÃÛ¤µ¤ì¤ëͽÄê¤Ç¤¹¡£¾®Àî¤Ë¤Ï¸ñ¤ä¤É¤¸¤ç¤¦¤¬±Ë¤®¡¢ËãÂÞ¤ä¥×¥é¥¹¥Á¥Ã¥¯¤Î´á¶ñ¤¬¤¿¤¯¤µ¤óÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤Ï¹â¤¤¤È¤³¤í¤ËÅФë¤Î¤¬¹¥¤­¤Ç¤¹¡£ÌîÀ¸¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤Ç¤Ï1Æü¤Î³èÆ°»þ´Ö¤Î50%°Ê¾å¤Î»þ´Ö¤ò¼ù¾å¤Ç²á¤´¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£½¾¤Ã¤ÆŽ¤»ô°é²¼¤Ë¥¸¥ã¥ó¥°¥ë¥¸¥à¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢Èà¤é¤Ï´î¤ó¤Ç¤½¤Á¤é¤ËÅФꡢÌڤϤ¤¤¿¤á¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£´á¶ñ¤ÎƳÆþ¤â¡¢¼ùÌڤβáÅ٤λÈÍѤò´ËϤ·¤¿¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£µ¨Àá¤ÎÊѲ½¤Ëȼ¤¤¡¢ÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¿¢Êª¤Î²Ö¤¬ºé¤¤¤¿¤ê¼Â¤¬¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤ê¤·¡¢¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤Ï¤½¤ì¤é¤ò¼«Í³¤ËÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Ä´ºº¤Î·ë²Ì¤è¤ê¡¢¼ùÌڤ俢ʪ¤ÎƳÆþ¤ÏºÎ¿©»þ´Ö¤ò°ú¤­±ä¤Ð¤·¡¢¥Ù¥Ã¥Éºî¤ê¤Ê¤É¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¸ÇÍ­¤Î¹ÔÆ°¤ò°ú¤­½Ð¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢ÆüËÜ¥â¥ó¥­¡¼¥»¥ó¥¿¡¼¤ËƱÍͤÎÊýË¡¤Ç¿¢¼ù¤ò¹Ô¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤³¤ì¤â´û¤Ë2ǯ¤¬·Ð²á¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬º¬¤Å¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤¦¤·¤¿Ä´ºº¤«¤é¡¢¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤ÎºÎ¿©¤Ë¤ÏÁªÂòÀ­¤Î¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¥Ò¥Î¥­¤ä¥Þ¥Ä¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿Íç»Ò¿¢Êª¤Ï¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯¿©¤Ù¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£Èï»Ò¿¢Êª¤Ï¥Ë¥ì¤ä¥Ö¥Ê¤ÏÈó¾ï¤Ë¹¥¤­¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¥µ¥¶¥ó¥«¤ä¥Ò¥µ¥«¥­¤Ï¿©¤Ù¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£¤Þ¤¿Ž¤¿©¤Ù¤ë¿¢Êª¤È¿©¤Ù¤Ê¤¤¿¢Êª¤ÎÁªÂòÀ­¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¿¢Êª¤Î²Ê¤´¤È¤Ë¤Þ¤È¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢»öÁ°¤Ë¿ä¬¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£¤³¤ì¤é¤Î·ë²Ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¥Ñ¥ó¥Õ¥ì¥Ã¥È¤òºî¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤´´õ˾¤ÎÊý¤Ë¤Ï¤ª¤ï¤±¤·¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç¡¢Ê¸Æ¬¤ÎÏ¢ÍíÀè¤Þ¤Ç¸æ°ìÊ󤯤À¤µ¤¤¡£
4.2 Âè3²ó¹ñºÝ´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È³Ø²ñ¡¡
¡¡´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤Î¸¦µæ¤ÏÆüËܤǤϤ¢¤Þ¤êʹ¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢À¤³¦¤Ç¤Ï¤µ¤«¤ó¤Ë¸¦µæ¤µ¤ì¤Ï¤¸¤á¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£1997ǯ10·î¤Ë¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î¥Õ¥í¥ê¥À¤ÇÂè3²ó¹ñºÝ´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È³Ø²ñ¡ÊThe third international conference on environmental enrichment¡Ë¤¬³«ºÅ¤µ¤ì¡¢»ä¤Ï¥Ý¥¹¥¿¡¼È¯É½¤Ç»²²Ã¤·¾åµ­¤ÎÄ´ºº¤òȯɽ¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤³¤Î³Ø²ñ¤Ï2ǯ¤´¤È¤Ë¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£»²²Ã¼Ô¤Î¿¤¯¤Ïưʪ±à´Ø·¸¼Ô¤Ç¥è¡¼¥í¥Ã¥Ñ¤ä¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Îưʪ±à¿Í¡ÊÆäËDirector¤äCurator¤ÎÌò¿¦¤Î¿Í¤¬Â¿¤¤¡Ë¤¬Âç¿¿ô¤òÀê¤á¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¸¦µæ½ê¤äÂç³Ø´Ø·¸¼Ô¤¬¤Á¤é¤Û¤é¤È¤¤¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦´¶¤¸¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡£ ¤³¤Î²ñµÄ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢The Shape of Enrichment¤È¤¤¤¦ÃÄÂΤ¬¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò¤â¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡Êhttp://www.enrichment.org/¡Ë¡£¤È¤Æ¤â¤­¤ì¤¤¤Ê¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ç¡¢¤³¤Î³Ø²ñ¤ÎÊó¹ð¤Î¤Û¤«¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¥Ó¥Ç¥ª¤Ê¤É¤ÎÂߤ·½Ð¤·¤â¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢°ìÅÙÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£³Ø²ñ¤Îȯɽ¤ÎÆâÍƤϡ¢¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤¬¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤Î¼è¤êÁȤߤò¹Ô¤¤¡¢¤½¤Î·ë²Ì¤É¤¦¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤«¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£³Æưʪ±à¤Î»î¹Ôºø¸í¤¬´¶¤¸¼è¤é¤ì¤ëÆâÍƤǤ¹¡£¤¿¤À¡¢´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤òɾ²Á¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Îµ­Ï¿¤Î¼è¤êÊý¤äʬÀϤλÅÊý¤Ê¤É¡¢¸¦µæ¼Ô¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï´ðÁÃŪ¤Êȯɽ¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢£¶Æü´Ö¤Î²ñµÄÃæ¤Ë¤Ï¥ï¡¼¥¯¥·¥ç¥Ã¥×¤¬Í­¤ê¡¢¤É¤ì¤â³èȯ¤ÊÏÀµÄ¤¬¤È¤Ó¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£³Ø²ñ¤Ë»²²Ã¤·¡¢Æ°Êª¤Î»ô°é¤Ë¤¢¤¿¤Ã¤Æ¤ÎÌäÂê¤ÏÀ¤³¦Ãæ¤É¤³¤Ç¤â¶¦Ä̤Ǥ¢¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤ê¡¢ÆüËܤ¬¤Ò¤É¤¯¾è¤êÃÙ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤È´¶¤¸¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤·¤«¤·Ž¤¤³¤¦¤ä¤Ã¤ÆµÄÏÀ¤µ¤ì¤ë½½Ê¬¤ÊÅÚÂ椬ÆüËܤˤϤʤ¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤â»ö¼Â¤Ç¤¹¡£Æ°Êª±à´Ø·¸¼Ô¤Î´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎÍý²ò¤¬¹â¤Þ¤ê¡¢¤Þ¤¿°ìÈ̤ÎÊý¡¹¤Ë¤³¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ø¤Î¶¯¤¤´Ø¿´¤¬¤â¤¿¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤ò´üÂÔ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£

¼êºî¤ê¥Ñ¥ó¥Õ¥ì¥Ã¥È
¡¡´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤Î¤¹¤¹¤á N o.1 ¡Ý¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤ÎÊü»ô¾ì¤ËÌÚ¤ò¿¢¤¨¤è¤¦¡Ý
¡¡´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤Î¤¹¤¹¤á N o.2 ¡Ý¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤Î¥¸¥å¡¼¥¹°û¤ß¡Ý
¡¡´Ä¶­¥¨¥ó¥ê¥Ã¥Á¥á¥ó¥È¤Î¤¹¤¹¤á N o.3 ¡Ý¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤Î¤Ï¤Á¤ß¤Ä¤Ê¤á¡Ý
¡¡¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤Î¿©¤Ù¤ë¡¦¿©¤Ù¤Ê¤¤¼ùÌڥꥹ¥È ¡ÝÆüËܤμùÌÚ¡Ý

»²¹Íʸ¸¥
¥³¥ê¥óŽ¥¥¿¥Ã¥¸ (1996) ưʪ¤¿¤Á¤ÎÈ¢Á¥ ¡Ýưʪ±à¤È¼ï¤ÎÊݸ¡Ý¡¥ Ä«Æü¿·Ê¹¼Ò
Novak, M. A. ¡õ Petto A. J. (1991) Through the looking glass -issues of psychological well-being in captive nonhuman primates-. Amrican Psychological Association Washington DC

¤ª´ê¤¤
¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼»ô°é¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¾Ü¤·¤¤ÊýË¡¤ò½ñ¤¤¤¿Ê¸¸¥¡Ê The care and management of chimpanzees in captive environments ¡Ë¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£Á´Ê¸±Ñ¸ì¤Ê¤Î¤ÇÏÂÌõ¤·¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¶¨ÎϤ·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ëÊý¤òÊ罸¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£